Maria Leopoldine of Austria

Holy Roman Empress Maria Leopoldine by Lorenzo Lippi in 1649

Maria Leopoldine of Austria-Tyrol (6 April 1632 – 7 August 1649) was the second spouse of her first cousin, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III. As such, she was empress of the Holy Roman Empire. She died while giving birth to the couple's only child, Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria.

Childhood 1
Marriage 2
Ancestors 3
References 4
Further reading 5

Childhood

Maria Leopoldine was born in Innsbruck as an archduchess of Austria. She was the third daughter and the fifth and youngest child of Leopold V, Archduke of Further Austria, and Claudia de' Medici. The archduchess was orphaned by her father's death a few months after her birth. At that point, her oldest brother, Ferdinand Charles, inherited Further Austria, but Dowager Archduchess Claudia assumed regency because of her children's minority. In a letter written to his mother, Elizabeth of England, on 8 September 1641, Charles Louis of the Palatinate (later Elector Palatine Charles I Louis) described the intentions of his uncle, King Charles I of England, and Maria Leopoldine's first cousin, Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III, to arrange a marriage between the archduchess and himself; the marriage between Maria Leopoldine and Charles Louis was to end "all grudges betweene our families".^[1]

Marriage

Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III

The match between Charles Louis and Maria Leopoldine was never realised. On 2 July 1648 in Linz, Archduchess Maria Leopoldine married the widowed Emperor Ferdinand III himself, thereby becoming empress of the Holy Roman Empire, queen of the Germans, queen of Hungary and queen of Bohemia. The wedding ceremony was splendid.^[2] The composer Andreas Rauch celebrated the marriage as "anticipating (with the help of Divine Providence) the most beautiful end of the Thirty Years' war".^[3] An opera titled I Trifoni d'Amore, produced by Giovanni Felice Sances, was meant to commemorate Maria Leopoldine's marriage, but the Prague premiere was canceled at the last moment when King Vladislaus IV of Poland died within two months of the wedding; the planned Pressburg performance apparently never took place.^[3] The new empress was as closely related to her husband as her cousin and predecessor, Maria Anna of Austria; both marriages were means by which the House of Habsburg, from time to time, reinforced itself.^[4]

The Holy Roman Empress soon became pregnant, and was depicted as such in the 1649 painting by the Italian painter and poet Lorenzo Lippi. The imperial couple's only child, Archduke Charles Joseph of Austria, was delivered on 7 August 1649. The childbirth was extremely difficult, ending in the death of the 17-year-old Empress Maria Leopoldine.^[5] Her husband remarried within two years, while their son died childless aged 15.^[3] She is buried in tomb 21 in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna. The writer Wolf Helmhardt von Hohberg, then at the beginning of his career, sent Emperor Ferdinand a poem written in honour of Empress Maria Leopoldine.^[6]

Ancestors

Ancestors of Maria Leopoldine of Austria

16. Philip I of Castile

8. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (=22)

17. Joanna of Castile

4. Charles II, Archduke of Austria

18. Vladislas II of Bohemia and Hungary

9. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (=23)

19. Anna of Foix-Candale

2. Leopold V, Archduke of Austria

20. William IV, Duke of Bavaria

10. Albert V, Duke of Bavaria

21. Marie of Baden-Sponheim

5. Maria Anna of Bavaria

22. Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor (=8)

11. Anna of Austria

23. Anna of Bohemia and Hungary (=9)

1. Maria Leopoldine of Austria

24. Giovanni dalle Bande Nere

12. Cosimo I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany

25. Maria Salviati

6. Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany

26. Pedro Álvarez de Toledo, Marquis of Villafranca

13. Eleanor de Toledo

27. Maria Osorio, 2nd Marquise of Villafranca

3. Claudia de' Medici

28. Francis I, Duke of Lorraine

14. Charles III, Duke of Lorraine

29. Christina of Denmark

7. Christina of Lorraine

30. Henry II of France

15. Claude of Valois

31. Catherine de' Medici

References

-- Module:Hatnote -- -- -- -- This module produces hatnote links and links to related articles. It -- -- implements the and meta-templates and includes -- -- helper functions for other Lua hatnote modules. --

local libraryUtil = require('libraryUtil') local checkType = libraryUtil.checkType local mArguments -- lazily initialise Module:Arguments local yesno -- lazily initialise Module:Yesno

local p = {}

-- Helper functions

local function getArgs(frame) -- Fetches the arguments from the parent frame. Whitespace is trimmed and -- blanks are removed. mArguments = require('Module:Arguments') return mArguments.getArgs(frame, {parentOnly = true}) end

local function removeInitialColon(s) -- Removes the initial colon from a string, if present. return s:match('^:?(.*)') end

function p.findNamespaceId(link, removeColon) -- Finds the namespace id (namespace number) of a link or a pagename. This -- function will not work if the link is enclosed in double brackets. Colons -- are trimmed from the start of the link by default. To skip colon -- trimming, set the removeColon parameter to true. checkType('findNamespaceId', 1, link, 'string') checkType('findNamespaceId', 2, removeColon, 'boolean', true) if removeColon ~= false then link = removeInitialColon(link) end local namespace = link:match('^(.-):') if namespace then local nsTable = mw.site.namespaces[namespace] if nsTable then return nsTable.id end end return 0 end

function p.formatPages(...) -- Formats a list of pages using formatLink and returns it as an array. Nil -- values are not allowed. local pages = {...} local ret = {} for i, page in ipairs(pages) do ret[i] = p._formatLink(page) end return ret end

function p.formatPageTables(...) -- Takes a list of page/display tables and returns it as a list of -- formatted links. Nil values are not allowed. local pages = {...} local links = {} for i, t in ipairs(pages) do checkType('formatPageTables', i, t, 'table') local link = t[1] local display = t[2] links[i] = p._formatLink(link, display) end return links end

function p.makeWikitextError(msg, helpLink, addTrackingCategory) -- Formats an error message to be returned to wikitext. If -- addTrackingCategory is not false after being returned from -- Module:Yesno, and if we are not on a talk page, a tracking category -- is added. checkType('makeWikitextError', 1, msg, 'string') checkType('makeWikitextError', 2, helpLink, 'string', true) yesno = require('Module:Yesno') local title = mw.title.getCurrentTitle() -- Make the help link text. local helpText if helpLink then helpText = ' (help)' else helpText = end -- Make the category text. local category if not title.isTalkPage and yesno(addTrackingCategory) ~= false then category = 'Hatnote templates with errors' category = string.format( '%s:%s', mw.site.namespaces[14].name, category ) else category = end return string.format( '%s', msg, helpText, category ) end

-- Format link -- -- Makes a wikilink from the given link and display values. Links are escaped -- with colons if necessary, and links to sections are detected and displayed -- with " § " as a separator rather than the standard MediaWiki "#". Used in -- the template.

function p.formatLink(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local link = args[1] local display = args[2] if not link then return p.makeWikitextError( 'no link specified', 'Template:Format hatnote link#Errors', args.category ) end return p._formatLink(link, display) end

function p._formatLink(link, display) -- Find whether we need to use the colon trick or not. We need to use the -- colon trick for categories and files, as otherwise category links -- categorise the page and file links display the file. checkType('_formatLink', 1, link, 'string') checkType('_formatLink', 2, display, 'string', true) link = removeInitialColon(link) local namespace = p.findNamespaceId(link, false) local colon if namespace == 6 or namespace == 14 then colon = ':' else colon = end -- Find whether a faux display value has been added with the | magic -- word. if not display then local prePipe, postPipe = link:match('^(.-)|(.*)$') link = prePipe or link display = postPipe end -- Find the display value. if not display then local page, section = link:match('^(.-)#(.*)$') if page then display = page .. ' § ' .. section end end -- Assemble the link. if display then return string.format('%s', colon, link, display) else return string.format('%s%s', colon, link) end end

-- Hatnote -- -- Produces standard hatnote text. Implements the template.

function p.hatnote(frame) local args = getArgs(frame) local s = args[1] local options = {} if not s then return p.makeWikitextError( 'no text specified', 'Template:Hatnote#Errors', args.category ) end options.extraclasses = args.extraclasses options.selfref = args.selfref return p._hatnote(s, options) end

function p._hatnote(s, options) checkType('_hatnote', 1, s, 'string') checkType('_hatnote', 2, options, 'table', true) local classes = {'hatnote'} local extraclasses = options.extraclasses local selfref = options.selfref if type(extraclasses) == 'string' then classes[#classes + 1] = extraclasses end if selfref then classes[#classes + 1] = 'selfref' end return string.format( '

', table.concat(classes, ' '), s )

end

return p-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Module:Hatnote -- -- -- -- This module produces hatnote links and links to related articles. It -- -- implements the and meta-templates and includes -- -- helper functions for other Lua hatnote modules. --