Arabic languages

Arabic languages
Geographic distribution:	Arabia, Arab world
Linguistic classification:	Afro-Asiatic Semitic Central Arabic languages
Subdivisions:	Ancient North Arabian Arabic language
Glottolog:	`arab1394`^[1]

The Arabic language family consists of

Classical Arabic and its descendants, including
- The various varieties of Arabic
- The various Judeo-Arabic languages
- Maltese
Old or Ancient North Arabian, a number of closely related extinct dialects of pre-Islamic Arabia:^[2]^[3]
- Oasis North Arabian
  - Dumaitic
  - Taymanitic
  - Dadanitic
  - Dispersed Oasis North Arabian
- Safaitic
- Hismaic
- Thamudic
- Hasaitic

SIL Ethnologue unites Canaanite and Arabic in a South Central Semitic group together with Aramaic forming Central Semitic, but it is more common to unite Aramaic and Canaanite as Northwest Semitic.

Notes

^ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Arabic languages". Glottolog 2.2. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology.
^ Macdonald, M. C. A. (2000). "Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy" 11. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
^ Macdonald, M. C. A. (2004). "Ancient North Arabian". In Woodard, Roger D. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Languages. Cambridge University Press. pp. 488–533.

Literature

Cantineau, Jean (1955). "La dialectologie arabe", Orbis 4:149–169.
Fischer, Wolfdietrich, & Otto Jastrow (ed) (1980). Handbuch der arabischen Dialekte, Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz.
Kaye, Alan S., & Judith Rosenhouse (1997). "Arabic Dialects and Maltese", The Semitic Languages. Ed. Robert Hetzron. New York: Routledge. Pages 263–311.
Lozachmeur, H., (ed.), (1995). Presence arabe dans le croissant fertile avant l'Hegire (Actes de la table ronde internationale Paris, 13 Novembre 1993) Paris: Editions Recherche sur les Civilisations. ISBN 2-86538-254-0
Macdonald, M.C.A., (2000). "Reflections on the linguistic map of pre-Islamic Arabia" Arabian Archaeology and Epigraphy 11(1), 28–79
Scagliarini, F., (1999). "The Dedanitic inscriptions from Jabal 'Ikma in north-western Hejaz" Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies 29, 143–150 ISBN 2-503-50829-4
Sobelman, H., (ed.) (1962). Arabic Dialect Studies, Washington, D.C.: Center for Applied Linguistics and the Middle East Institute.
Winnett, F.V. & Reed, W.L. (1970). Ancient Records from North Arabia, Toronto: University of Toronto

Arabian Peninsular	Dhofari Gulf Bahrani Shihhi Hejazi Najdi Omani Yemeni Judeo-Yemeni

Bedouin	Eastern Egyptian and Peninsular Bedawi

Others	Egyptian Sa'idi Arabic Levantine Cypriot Lebanese Palestinian Syrian Mesopotamian North Mesopotamian Judeo-Iraqi Sudanese Central Asian Tajiki Uzbeki Shirvani

Maghrebi

Others

Ancient North Arabian

South Semitic languages

Western South

Old South

Ethiopian

North

South

Amharic

Argobba

Harari

Outer

n-group	Gafat Soddo

tt-group	Mesmes Muher West Gurage Mesqan Ezha Chaha Gura Gumer Gyeto Ennemor Endegen

Eastern South

Bathari Harsusi Hobyot Jibbali Mehri Soqotri

Categories

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Arabic languages