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The dialect or dialects of Hokkaido (北海道方言, Hokkaidō-hōgen), commonly called Hokkaidō-ben (北海道弁), originate in relatively recent settlement from mainland Japan. The greater part of Hokkaidō was settled from a mix of areas from the Meiji period on, especially from the Tōhoku and Hokuriku regions, so various Japanese dialects mixed together on Hokkaidō.
The relationship of Hokkaidō dialect to the rest of Japanese—and whether there even is a coherent Hokkaidō dialect—are debated. Shibata (2003) mentions three theories:[1]
Tōhoku influence is strongest in coastal areas, especially on Oshima Peninsula in the south, where the local variety is commonly called Hama-kotoba (浜言葉, seashore speech). The urban dialect of Sapporo is quite close to Standard Japanese. Western features may have been brought by merchants from Kansai and Hokuriku with the kitamaebune trade routes.
Also spoken on Hokkaidō is the Ainu language, which was widely spoken there before Japanese settlement and still has a few elderly speakers.
Sapporo, Japan, Russia, South Korea, Prefectures of Japan
Hiragana, Katakana, Ryukyuan languages, World War II, Altaic languages
Ryukyuan languages, Austronesian languages, Japanese language, Google Books, Altaic languages
Japan, Chūbu region, Hokkaido, Google Books, Tōhoku region
Hiragana, Katakana, Kanji, Japanese writing system, Japanese language
Kana, Japanese language, Ryukyuan languages, Romanization of Japanese, Japanese poetry
World War II, Kana, Japanese language, Ryukyuan languages, Romanization of Japanese