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Joan II (28 January 1312 – 6 October 1349) was Queen of Navarre from 1328 until her death. She was the only child of Louis X of France, King of France and Navarre, and Margaret of Burgundy.[1] Because Margaret was known to have been involved in an extramarital affair, Joan's paternity was questioned by those who wished to refute her claim to the thrones of France, Navarre and Champagne.
On the deaths of Louis X (1316) and his son, John I (also 1316), both of whom had been kings of France and Navarre, she was excluded from the succession in favor of Louis' brother Philip V of France (Philip II of Navarre), the second surviving son of Philip IV of France. Philip V prevailed for a number of reasons, including her youth, doubts regarding her paternity, and the Estates-General's determination that women should not be allowed to rule France. The last reason, however, was not applicable to Navarre because there was already precedent there for succession by a female. The only reason that she was not officially declared a bastard was that Philip needed the political support of her mother's brother Odo IV, Duke of Burgundy, who did not want to perpetuate the scandal of his sister's behavior. After Philip V's brother and successor Charles IV of France (Charles I of Navarre) died in 1328, there was no male heir to either crown in the direct line from Philip IV. Instead, a more distant Philip, a descendant of Philip IV's younger brother Charles of Valois, successfully claimed the throne as Philip VI of France in preference to Joan and a number of other females closer to the line of succession. Philip was not descended from Joan I of Navarre, and hence had no claim to the crown of Navarre.
Joan became Queen of Navarre through a treaty with Philip VI, who was not a descendant of the later kings of Navarre, and who could not invoke a rule against female succession in Navarre. In the treaty, she had to renounce her claims not only to the crown of France but also to her grandmother's estates in Brie and Champagne (which were merged in the French royal domain). In compensation, she received the counties of Angoulême and Mortain as well as a portion of Cotentin (Longueville). Later on she exchanged Angoulême for three estates in Vexin:- Pontoise, Beaumont-sur-Oise, and Asnière-sur-Oise.
She reigned as Queen of Navarre until her death in 1349, together with her husband, Philip III of Navarre as de jure uxoris king, 1329–1343. Philip was also Count of Évreux, the heir of Count Louis of Évreux (youngest son of Philip III of France), and thus of Capetian male blood. Because of his patrimonial lands, together with Joan's gains in Normandy and her rights in Champagne, the couple had extensive possessions in Northern France. After she died, she was buried in the Basilica of St Denis, though her heart was buried at the now-demolished church of the Couvent des Jacobins in Paris alongside that of her husband's.[2]
Altogether, Joan and Philip had nine children. She was succeeded by their eldest surviving son, Charles.
Paris, French language, Louis X of France, Joan I of Navarre, House of Capet
Joan II of Navarre, Charles III of Navarre, Évreux, House of Évreux, Philip III of Navarre
House of Valois, Capetian dynasty, Philip IV of France, House of Bourbon, House of Orléans
London, United Kingdom, France, Amsterdam, Berlin
Middle Ages, Tonga, Thailand, Cambodia, Regalia
Philip IV of France, House of Capet, John I of France, France, Joan I of Navarre
Joan II of Navarre, House of Évreux, Louis d'Évreux, Paris, Louvre
House of Évreux, Paris, Philip VI of France, Philip III of Navarre, Joan II of Navarre