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Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug — Yugra or Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Ugra[9] (Russian: Ха́нты-Манси́йский автоно́мный о́круг — Югра́, Khanty-Mansiysky avtonomny okrug – Yugra), is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). Population: 1,532,243 (2010 Census).[5]
The people native to the region are the Khanty and the Mansi, known collectively as Ob Ugric people. The local languages, Khanty language and Mansi language, enjoy special status in the autonomous okrug and are related to Uralic languages such as Hungarian. Russian remains the only official language.
The majority (51%)[10] of the oil produced in Russia comes from Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug, giving the region great economic importance.
The okrug was established on December 10, 1930, as Ostyak–Vogul National Okrug (Остя́ко-Вогу́льский национа́льный о́круг). In October 1940, it was renamed the Khanty-Mansi National Okrug. In 1977, along with other national okrugs of the Russian SFSR, it became an autonomous okrug (Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug). The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk. In 2003, the word "Yugra" was appended to the official name.
The okrug occupies the central part of the West Siberian Plain.
Principal rivers include the Ob and its tributary the Irtysh.
The northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude traverses the Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug.
Population: 1,532,243 (2010 Census);[5] 1,432,817 (2002 Census);[11] 1,268,439 (1989 Census).[12]
Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug has an area of 523,100 km², but the area is sparsely populated. The administrative center is Khanty-Mansiysk, but the largest cities are Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, and Nefteyugansk.
The indigenous population (Khanty, Mansi, and Nenets) is only 2.2% of the total population in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. The exploitation of natural gas in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug has attracted immigrants from all over the former Soviet Union. The 2010 Census counted twenty-five ethnic groups of more than two thousand persons each. The ethnic composition is as follows:
Historical population figures are shown below:
Religion in Yugra (2012)[15][16]
According to a 2012 official survey[15] 38.1% of the population of Yugra adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 5% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% of the population adheres to Slavic Rodnovery (Slavic Neopaganism) or to Khanty-Mansi shamanism. Muslims (mostly Tatars) constitute 11% of the population. In addition, 23% of the population deems itself to be spiritual but not religious, 11% is atheist, and 10.9% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[15]
In Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, the primary transport of goods is by water and railway transport; 29% is transported by road, and 2% by aviation. The total length of railway tracks 1106 km. The length of roads is more than 18,000 km.
Ukraine, India, China, Turkey, United Kingdom
Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Ukrainian language, Soviet Union
Russia, Hinduism, Soviet Union, Atheism, Russian language
Russia, Mansi people, Uralic languages, Christianity, Sami people
Tyumen Oblast, Moscow, Krasnodar Krai, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Moscow Oblast
Kazakhstan, Kirov Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Ukraine, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Russia, Soviet Union, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Russian language, Tyumen Oblast
Russia, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Khanty-Mansiysk, Types of inhabited localities in Russia, Wikimedia Commons
Turkic languages, Indo-European languages, Uralic languages, Northeast Caucasian languages, Tungusic languages