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Kurgan Oblast (Russian: Курга́нская о́бласть, Kurganskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). Its administrative center is the city of Kurgan. In June 2014, the population was estimated to be 874,100,[11] down from 910,807 recorded in the 2010 Census.[9]
Kurgan Oblast is located in Southern Russia and is part of the Urals Federal District. It shares borders with Chelyabinsk Oblast to the west, Sverdlovsk Oblast to the north-west, Tyumen Oblast to the north-east, and Kazakhstan to the south.
The oblast has a severe continental climate with long cold winters and warm summers with regular droughts. The average January temperature is −18 °C (0 °F), and the average temperature in the warmest month (July) is +19 °C (66 °F). Annual precipitation is about 400 millimeters (16 in).[14]
During the Soviet period, the high authority in the oblast was shared between three persons: The first secretary of the Kurgan CPSU Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the oblast Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and the head of the Oblast administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament.
The Charter of Kurgan Oblast is the fundamental law of the region. The Kurgan Oblast Duma is the province's standing legislative (representative) body. The Oblast Duma consists of 34 members and exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising the implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Oblast Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of the observance of the oblast Charter in accordance with the Constitution of Russia.
The United Russia Party currently holds the majority of seats in the Oblast Duma.
Kurgan Oblast borders on the oil- and gas-bearing districts of Tyumen Oblast and is also close to similar districts in Tomsk Oblast. Large oil and gas pipelines pass through its territory, and Ural and Siberian oil refineries are fairly close. The main industrial centers are Kurgan, and Shadrinsk.[14]
The oblast does not have large economic mineral reserves; therefore, it has developed mainly on the basis of subindustries associated with processing of agricultural products and assembly and packaging of finished products. The food industry is well developed here, with meat-packing plants, mills, creameries, and powdered-milk factories.[14]
Modern large-scale industry began developing during World War II, when sixteen enterprises from western regions of the country were evacuated here in 1941-1942.
Population: 910,807 (2010 Census);[9] 1,019,532 (2002 Census);[15] 1,104,872 (1989 Census).[16]
Russians (823,7222) are the largest ethnic group in the Kurgan Oblast, making up 92.5% of the population. Other prominent ethnic groups in the oblast include[9] Tatars (17,017) at 1.9%, Bashkirs (12,257) at 1.4%, Kazakhs (11,939) 1.3%, and Ukrainians (7,080) at 0.8%. Other ethnicities are 2.1%. Additionally, 20,017 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group.[17]
Total fertility rate:[19][20]
Religion in Kurgan Oblast (2012)[22][23]
According to a 2012 official survey[22] 28.4% of the population of Kurgan Oblast adheres to the Russian Orthodox Church, 6% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 2% to Islam, 1% adheres to Slavic Rodnovery (Slavic Neopaganism), and 0.4% to Hinduism (Vedism, Krishnaism or Tantrism). In addition, 36% of the population deems itself to be "spiritual but not religious", 14% is atheist, and 12.2% follows other religions or did not give an answer to the question.[22]
Ukraine, India, China, Turkey, United Kingdom
Russia, Hinduism, Soviet Union, Atheism, Russian language
Yoga, Mahabharata, Buddhism, Upanishads, Ramayana
Buddhism, Irreligion, Epistemology, Hinduism, Criticism of religion
Leningrad Oblast, Stavropol Krai, Volgograd Oblast, Kirov Oblast, Ivanovo Oblast
Kazakhstan, Kirov Oblast, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Ukraine, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
Kurgan Oblast, Russia, Kurgan, Kurgan Oblast, Shchuchansky District, Russian language
Moscow, Philippines, Miss Earth, United Kingdom, China
Yekaterinburg, Hinduism, Perm Krai, Tyumen Oblast, Kurgan Oblast