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Tinia (also Tin, Tinh, Tins or Tina) was the god of the sky and the highest god in Etruscan mythology, equivalent to the Roman Jupiter and the Greek Zeus.[1] He was the husband of Thalna or Uni and the father of Hercle.
The Etruscans believed in Nine Great Gods, who had the power of hurling thunderbolts; they were called Novensiles by the Romans.[2] Of thunderbolts there were eleven sorts, of which Tinia, as the supreme thunder-god, wielded three.[2] Tinia was also part of the powerful "trinity" that included Menrva and Uni and had temples in every city of Etruria.[3] Tinia was sometimes represented as seated and with a beard or sometimes standing and beardless.[3] In terms of symbolism, Tinia has the thunderbolt and the rod of power, and is generally accompanied by the eagle and sometimes has a wreath of ivy round his head, in addition to the other insignia of Jove.
Some of Tinia's defining epithets are detailed on the Piacenza Liver, a bronze model of a liver used for haruspicy. Some of his epithets inscribed there include Tin Cilens, Tin Θuf and Tinś Θne.
Tinia appears in several inscriptions, including:
Buteoninae, Aquila (genus), Circaetinae, Golden eagle, Spizaetus
Muse, Helios, Heracles, Trojan War, Zeus
Space, History, Chronology, Spacetime, Second
Hera, Ares, Hermes, Demeter, Heracles
Heracles, Greek mythology, Uni (mythology), Hercules, Tinia
Minerva, Hermes, Etruria, Tinia, Athena
Italy, Roman Republic, Religion, Tages, Mythology
Cicero, Aeneid, Augur, Augustus, Etymology