.rf

The domain name рф (romanized as rf ^[3]) is the Cyrillic country code top-level domain for the Russian Federation, in the Domain Name System of the Internet. In the Domain Name System it has the ASCII DNS name xn--p1ai. The domain accepts only Cyrillic subdomain applications, and is the first Cyrillic implementation of the Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications (IDNA) system. The domain became operational on May 13, 2010.^[4]

Character set

рф (Russian: Российская Федерация) is transliterated as Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, the Russian Federation. The domain has an ascii representation of xn--p1ai derived as Punycode for use in the Domain Name System.

The domain is intended for Internet resources with names in the Russian language using Cyrillic.^[2]

A principle in the approval process of ICANN Generic Names Supporting Organization (GNSO) states that Cyrillic two-character top-level domains should not exclusively use characters that could be confused with Latin characters of identical or similar shapes — not just those containing the seven letters а, е, о, р, с, у, and х, but also proposed ccTLDs such as .бг (Bulgaria) due to its visual similarity to .br.^[5] As such, GNSO sought to avoid the direct transcription of "ru" into Cyrillic, "ру",^[6] and common abbreviations for Russia (Russian: Россия), such as "ро", in order to avoid confusion with the Latin ccTLDs .py (Paraguay) and .po (currently^[update] unassigned). In English sources .рф can be romanized as .rf, but the latter is not a valid domain for Russia. More recently, four other countries have won approval of three-letter Cyrillic ccTLDs such as .укр, .срб, .мон and .қаз. As of today .рф remains the only Cyrillic ccTLD with two letters.

Early preparations

The preparation, development, and technical testing of the domain started in 2007 by registrar RU Center.^[7] The domain delegation process started in November 2009 as an application to ICANN under the new Fast Track IDN ccTLD process. The domain is expected to be launched in 2010. In preparation for a launch, RU Center opened a sunrise registration period for Russian trademark owners from 25 November 2009 to 25 March 2010.^[8] General public registrations are planned starting 20 April 2010 through June 2010 using a Dutch auction process, and at a fixed price beginning in July 2010.

In January 2010 ICANN announced that the domain was one of the first four new non-Latin ccTLDs to have passed the Fast Track String Evaluation within the domain application process.^[9]

In a press release in December 2007, Alexei Lesnikov of RU-Center suggested that an auction for domain names could be highly successful, as was the case with a similar domain name auction on the .su ccTLD.^[2]

With comparisons being made with an equivalent Chinese TLD of .中国, it is anticipated that take-up of a Russian Cyrillic TLD could outstrip demand for the Latin alphabet equivalent, .ru.^[2] The Russian government announced their official intentions to register .рф in letters to ICANN in June 2008.

First use

The top-level domain became operational on the Internet on May 13, 2010.^[4] The first two accessible sites were

Related domains

The traditional country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Russia, based on the ISO country codes, is ru. There is no direct mapping of subdomains between рф and ru, they are independent domains hosting potentially different resources. However, many resources may use URL redirection or DNS pointers to provide mapping between the name spaces. For example, the URLs http://президент.рф (prezident.rf) and http://kremlin.ru point to the identical resource, and http://яндекс.рф (Yandex) redirects to http://www.yandex.ru.

See also

• .ru
• .su domain (permits registration of Cyrillic names as well)
• .eu domain (permits registration of Cyrillic names as well)
• .бг
• .қаз
• .мкд
• .срб
• .укр
• Punycode

References

External links

• ICANN country-code name supporting organisation
• Timetable for the possible introduction of IDN ccTLDs
• Discussion by GNSO about which IDN ccTLD to use for different countries
• Coordination Center for TLD RU